The lion fish population in the Gulf Coast and Caribbean Sea has exploded the last 20 years.
“The female is capable of laying 2 million eggs per year,” says Walker, “so that gives you some idea of how big a problem we are talking about. They multiply like crazy. The thing about an invasive species like the lion fish is that once it has established itself in an area, it’s almost impossible to control it.”
The fish are beautiful in their shape, with 18 venomous spines that can be seven or eight inches long protruding from their body. They have a gluttonous appetite – especially for other fish – eating anything that can fit into their mouth. It’s believed lion fish go after at least 70 different species of fish, including groupers, snapper, crabs and shrimp and others.
Lion fish have now been found as far north as Rhode Island and the Carolinas, but prefer warmer waters which is why the Gulf Coast and now even South American countries are their primary breeding grounds. They have been found at depths as far as 3,000 feet.
Texas A&M Galveston Marine Biologist Raven Walker.
(Texas A&M Galveston)
There is no limit on how many lionfish divers or fishermen can catch, but even unlimited access to them has not stopped their numbers from rising dramatically every year, Walker says.
One possible solution: Make them more available to seafood restaurants.
“If we can create consumer demand for them, it might be a way to control their numbers,” explains Walker, who is currently working on an academic paper about controlling lionfish.
“They are already a popular dish in the Caribbean. It’s a simple idea – the more people eat them, the better our chances are of controlling them.”
Walker says it’s just a matter of time before the invasive lionfish becomes a big headache for Texas.
“They tend to follow currents, and the Gulf currents typically bring them our way, and more of them every year,” she notes.
“In the next few years, lionfish could be a really big problem for Texas.”